John D. Gräbenstein, PhD, is a global vaccinologist, pharmacist, and public-health leader. He served 27 in the U.S. Army Medical Department. As a Colonel, he directed DoD's Military Vaccine Agency. He served for 13 years as Global Executive Director of Medical Affairs for Merck Vaccines. He operates Vaccine Dynamics, a consulting service on vaccinology and has no conflicts of interest. He is a Member of he National Academy of Medicine.